Arion's 13-signal ML ensemble vs. published rule-based methods on MoleculeNet BBBP held-out test set (408 compounds).
| Method | Type | AUC-ROC | Accuracy | Balanced Accuracy | F1 Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arion Ensemble (RF+XGB) ML | ML Ensemble | 0.996 | 0.985 | 0.980 | 0.990 |
| Arion RF (Morgan FP) ML | ML Ensemble | 0.992 | 0.968 | 0.947 | 0.979 |
| Arion XGBoost (Descriptors) ML | ML Ensemble | 0.997 | 0.980 | 0.976 | 0.987 |
| SwissADME BOILED-Egg Rule | Rule-based | 0.778 | 0.760 | 0.778 | 0.826 |
| BBBscore (Gupta 2019) Rule | Rule-based | 0.827 | 0.789 | 0.678 | 0.866 |
| Clark Rules (2003) Rule | Rule-based | 0.742 | 0.733 | 0.742 | 0.806 |
| Lipinski CNS Rule | Rule-based | 0.728 | 0.706 | 0.728 | 0.781 |